Antioxidant and antimycobacterial activities of Tabernaemontana catharinensis extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 + cosolvent.

In the present work the antioxidant and antimycobacterial activities were determined for extracts from Tabernaemontana catharinensis. The extracts' global yields were obtained using supercritical CO2 plus cosolvent. The cosolvents ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, and water and their mixtures were used. The extracts were fractionated and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. The antimycobacterial activity was measured against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium kansasii. The antioxidant activity was determined by the coupled reaction of beta-carotene and limonene acid. The average global yield was approximately constant (2.4 +/- 0.1%) for the alcoholic cosolvents and significantly larger (15 +/- 1%) for the cosolvent water and its alcoholic mixtures. The content of alkaloids in the extracts was strongly affected by the cosolvent. The antioxidant activity of the extracts ranged from 53% to 95%. The highest antimycobacterial activity was detected in the alkaloidal fraction (minimum inhibitory concentration = 128 microg/mL), while the lowest was verified in the aqueous fraction (minimum inhibitory concentration >512 microg/mL).

Comparison of yield, composition, and antioxidant activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extracts obtained using various techniques.

Turmeric extracts were obtained from two lots of raw material (M and S) using various techniques: hydrodistillation, low pressure solvent extraction, Soxhlet, and supercritical extraction using carbon dioxide and cosolvents. The solvents and cosolvents tested were ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and their mixture in equal proportions. The composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and UV. The largest yield (27%, weight) was obtained in the Soxhlet extraction (turmeric (S), ethanol = 1:100); the lowest yield was detected in the hydrodistillation process (2.1%). For the supercritical extraction, the best cosolvent was a mixture of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Sixty percent of the light fraction of the extracts consisted of ar-turmerone, (Z)-gamma-atlantone, and (E)-gamma-atlantone, except for the Soxhlet extracts (1:100, ethanol), for which only ar-turmeronol and (Z)-alpha-atlantone were detected. The maximum amount of curcuminoids (8.43%) was obtained using Soxhlet extraction (ethanol/isopropyl alcohol). The Soxhlet and low pressure extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities.

Functional properties of spice extracts obtained via supercritical fluid extraction.

In the present study the antioxidant, anticancer, and antimycobacterial activities of extracts from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were evaluated. The extracts were obtained using supercritical CO(2) with and without ethanol and/or isopropyl alcohol as cosolvent. The extracts' antioxidant power was assessed using the reaction between beta-carotene and linolenic acid, the antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis was measured by the MABA test, and their anticancer action was tested against nine human cancer ancestries: lung, breast, breast resistant, melanoma, colon, prostate, leukemia, and kidney. The rosemary extracts exhibited the strongest antioxidant and the lowest antimycobacterial activities. Turmeric extracts showed the greatest antimycobacterial activity. Ginger and turmeric extracts showed selective anticancer activities.